Rabies is a zoonotic acute fatal neurological damage disease caused by rabies virus (RABV). Up to 99% of human infection cases are transmitted by dogs, and other warm-blooded animals such as cats, wolves, foxes, etc. can also transmit rabies. When a sick animal bites people, the rabies virus in the saliva of the teeth invades the human body, causing human infection.
The harm of rabies is that once a person is infected with rabies virus, almost 100% of them die.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 59,000 people die from this preventable and contagious and fatal neurological infection every year worldwide. Compared with many other infectious diseases, the incubation period of rabies is relatively long. The incubation period of most cases is less than half a month, usually half a month to three months. Many people fail to seek medical treatment or undergo standardized treatment after being bitten, resulting in missing opportunities to prevent and save lives.
Once clinical manifestations occur, there is no effective treatment for rabies, and can only support the treatment symptomatically to relieve the patient's pain.
Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, excitement, anxiety, confusion, hyperactivity, difficulty swallowing, excessive saliva secretion, fear caused by difficulty swallowing when trying to drink water (water fear), fear caused by wind blowing on the face (wind fear), hallucination, insomnia and partial paralysis.
calls on pet owners to regulate pet raising, effectively control rabies infection and transmission of animals, which can cut off human infection pathways from the source. This is also the most fundamental and effective preventive measure. To this end, as a member of society, we should first standardize the breeding and management of animals, including:
1. Comply with relevant laws and regulations, handle registration, breeding permit and other procedures for pets, and inoculate pets with rabies vaccines on time.
2. Properly manage pets to avoid contact or conflict with wild animals or stray animals, and wear protective supplies such as traction ropes or masks on pets in public places.
3. Do not feed or contact stray or wild animals at will, especially animals with abnormal behavior, such as weird behavior, strong aggressiveness, and not afraid of humans.
Don't touch the "emotional switch" on the dog at will
【Head】
Most people are happy to caress the top of their dog's head and regard it as a catalyst for cultivating emotions.
But in the dog's world, such actions are often misunderstood as a signal of aggression.
When your hands pass over their sensitive head, they may arouse their defensive instincts and even cause aggressive behavior.
Therefore, it is recommended to try to touch their heads carefully after establishing unbreakable trust with your dogs. The key to doing this is to keep your hands safely distance from the overhead, act slowly and gently, avoid any possible misunderstandings.
【Tail】
The dog's tail is not only sensitive, but also a barometer of its emotions.
Don't like them being touched behind them, and are particularly alert to the gestures approaching from behind.
Touching their tails rashly may not only cause their defensive barking or even attacks, but also easily lead to accidental damage due to the fragility of their tails.
【Abdomen】
The abdomen of a dog is the most cherished and vulnerable area.
For such touches, they will show great concern and defense.
When your relationship with your dog is not close enough yet, any attempt to touch their abdomen can cause a sharp bite in an instant.
How to deal with it urgently after being bitten?
Another effective measure to prevent rabies is to clean the wound in a timely and thorough manner after exposure.
The corresponding treatment strategy needs to be selected according to the type of wound:
Level I exposure:
Touch or feeding animals, intact skin is licked, and these situations do not require treatment.
Grade II exposure:
The exposed skin is nibbled, minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding. The wound needs to be treated immediately and vaccinated with rabies vaccine.
Class III exposure:
Wreaks are bleeding, damaged skin or mucous membranes are licked, and exposed to bats. The wound needs to be treated immediately, injected with rabies immunoglobulin or anti-rabies serum, and vaccinated with rabies vaccine.
If bitten or scratched by an animal that may carry rabies virus, the wound should be washed immediately with soapy water and certain pressure of flowing water alternately for more than 15 minutes and disinfected. This can effectively reduce the residual active toxicity at the wound and reduce the risk of infection.
The earlier the wound treatment, the better. The wound disinfection and treatment operation after preliminary cleaning shall be completed by professional medical staff in the dog injury clinic as much as possible.
What is the situation? rabies vaccination required?
Which animals are bitten and scratched by, and need to be vaccinated with rabies
1
Dogs, cats, wild/strewn carnivorous mammals, such as wolves, foxes, badgers (huān), bats, etc., and need to be vaccinated with rabies
.
2
No need to be vaccinated by birds, fish, turtles, snakes, insects, lizards, rabbits (including domestic rabbits and hares), rodents (such as mice, rats, hamsters, etc.) without rabies vaccination..
rabies vaccine, how to get it?
Vaccine procedures are divided into pre-exposure immunity and post-exposure immunity:
Pre-exposure immunity procedure:
Day 0, 7, 21
or 0, 7, 28;
Post-exposure immunity procedure: "2-1-1" and "5-application method"
Technical Guidelines for Disposal of Exposed Wounds (2016 Edition)
What should I do if I get bitten after the whole process after getting the rabies vaccine?
The wounds need to be cleaned and disinfected as soon as possible. Whether you need to be vaccinated with rabies again should be judged based on the autoimmune condition:
Those who are exposed again within 3 months after the full course of immunization generally do not need to be vaccinated again;
Those who are exposed again for 3 months and above should receive one dose of vaccine each on 0 and 3 days;
Those who are exposed again for 3 months should receive one dose of vaccine each on 0 and 3 days;
Those who are exposed again for 3 months should receive one dose of vaccine each on 0 and 3 days;
Those who are exposed again for 3 months should receive one dose of vaccine each on 0 and 3 days;
Those who are exposed for 3 months should receive the vaccine each.